-Geological period: a period of time characterized by successive deposits of animal and plant remains.
-Stratigraphy: study and interpretation of layers of rock successively deposited at one place.
-Fission track dating: age of glass and other mineral objects is estimated by observing tracks made on them by fission fragments of uranium particles they contain.
-Lexico-statistics dating: statistical study of the vocabulary of the language with intention of determining their age and their historical link with other languages.
-Chemical dating
-Carbon dating
-Potassium organ method.