-Divisions among the pastoral Maasai allowed other people like the Nandi to take advantage of them.
-Wars between the pastoral and the Kwavi Maasai reduced their numbers.
-Disease outbreak such as , small pox and locust invasion seriously affected them and their livestock.
-Rivalries and succession disputes existed after 1800.
-Organized into five clans each with its own name and cattle band.
-Circumcised both boys and girls at puberty.
-They believed in existence of a God called Enkai whom they worshiped through ancestral spirits.
-Boys joined warrior class (Moran) and lived separately in Manyattas with their spokesman.
-Allowed to marry after eunoto ceremony which marked their joining junior elders’ class.