-High population. It is the largest city in Africa and half of Egypt's population lives in Cairo.
- Scarcity of food due to the large population and the government is unable to
provide food to the increased population.
- Unemployment. The high population in Cairo has led to mass unemployment especially among the youth.
- Development of slums/shanties. Many poor people who cannot afford decent housing live in slums.
- Traffic jams and snarl ups due to the many vehicles in Cairo roads.
- There is massive pollution from industries, vehicle exhausts, burning garbage
and desert storms.