Describe how the gaseous exchange structures in plants are adapted to their function.

-The leaf has broad lamina; to provide a large surface area for diffusion of gases;
-The leaf blade is thin; for carbon (IV) oxide/ gases to diffuse across a short distance;
-The leaf has numerous stomata; whose opening and closing is controlled by guard cells so that gases can diffuse in and out of the cell;
-A leaf has large intercellular air spaces; that create a large surface area for diffusion of gases in and out of the cells;
-Spongy mesophyll cells have a thin film of moisture; for gases to dissolve so as to diffuse in solution form;
-Leaves and stem of hydrophytes have aerenchyma tissues with large air spaces; for storage of air;
-The cells of aerenchyma have thin walls; to reduce distance/ for faster diffusion of gases;
-Leaves of submerged plants are deeply dissected/ highly branched; to increase surface area for diffusion of gases;
-Epidermis of roots has thin flattened cells; to reduce diffusion distance/ for faster diffusion of gases;
-The epidermis lacks cuticle; to facilitate rapid diffusion of gases;
-Pneumatophores of hydrophytes are long and thin; to increase surface area for diffusion of gases;
-Lenticels are composed of loosely packed, thin walled cork cells; to allow circulation of gases in the stem;
-The cells (lenticels) have thin films of moisture; for gases/ oxygen to dissolve and diffuse in solution form;