Describe/ explain different ways through which homoitherms/ endotherms regulate their body temperature

DURING HOT CONDITIONS.
a)Physiological mechanisms
-Decreased metabolic activities; so that less heat is produced;
-Vasodilation of blood vessels/ arterioles; more blood flows near the skin surface; hence more heat is lost;
-Erector pili muscles relax; causing hairs lie flat on the skin surface; trapping less air, hence more heat is lost;
-More sweating; sweat evaporates from the surface; of the body cooling the body
b)Behavioral mechanisms
-Aestivation; to reduce metabolic activity hence low rate of respiration;
-Removal of excess clothes; to allow more heat loss through the skin;
-Moving away from the heat in animals; to avoid gaining of more heat (through radiation);
-Panting; (e.g. in dogs) to allow evaporation of water vapour from the tongue and nose thus cooling the body;
DURING COLD CONDITIONS.
a)Physiological mechanisms.
-Increased metabolic activities of the body; to produce heat;
-Vasoconstriction of blood vessels/ arterioles; hence less blood flows near the skin surface; Less heat is lost/ conserving heat;
-Shivering/ involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles; to generate heat;
-Erector pili muscles contract; causing hairs to stand erect; trapping more hair hence less heat is lost/ conserving heat;
-The sweat glands secrete less sweat/ less sweating; hence less heat is lost/ conserving heat;
b)Behavioral mechanisms.
-Hibernation by small animals/ going into deep sleep due to extreme conditions; to reduce metabolic activities;
-Putting on warm clothes; (for human beings) to conserve heat;
-Taking hot drinks; to increase body temperature;
-Gathering together/ clustering of organisms; to gain heat/ conserve heat;
-Basking; to gain heat through radiation;
-Burrowing; to reduce metabolic activities;