Explain the effect of abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

-Wind; affects evaporation; transpiration; fruit and seed dispersal; it is an agent of pollination; strong wind may break/ uproot trees; wind may blow away/ bring rain-bearing clouds; it influences migration of animals; and predation (through wafting of scent); and aeration in aquatic habitats;
-Temperature; affects biochemical reactions because they are controlled by enzymes/ affects enzymatic activities; low temperature inactivate enzymes; high temperature denature the enzymes; it affects the rate of transpiration; evaporation; sweating; photosynthesis; hibernation/ aestivation;
-Light; affects photosynthesis; flowering/ photoperiodism; germination (e.g. in lettuce seeds); opening and closing of stomata; gaseous exchange; hibernation; synthesis of vitamin D; migration; reproduction; and vision;
-Humidity; affects transpiration; evaporation; sweating;
-pH/ hydrogen ion concentration; affects soil fertility; distribution of crops/ plants and animals in aquatic habitats;
-Salinity; affects osmotic pressure in organisms;
-Rainfall/ water; it is required for germination; a raw material for photosynthesis; acts as universal solvent; acts as a medium of transport of substances; provides turgidity to cells/ support; it is an agent of fruit and seed dispersal; agent of pollination in some aquatic plants; required for fertilization in Pteridophytes and Bryophytes;
-Topography; it affects distribution of crops; wind ward side receives more rainfall hence more and healthy crops/ plants grow; the leeward side receives less rainfall hence fewer and stunted crops/ plants grow; north facing slopes in the southern hemisphere have more plants; it affects the rate of soil erosion;