How is the mammalian ear adapted/ suited to its function?
Answer:
a)Hearing
-Pinna; It is large and funnel shaped to collect and concentrate sound waves to the external auditory meatus /canal/ tube;
-Auditory canal; It is tubular to direct sound waves into the ear drum/tympanic membrane;
-Ear drum/tympanic membrane; It is a thin membrane which vibrates and transforms sound waves into vibrations;
-Ear ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes); they form a system of levers which amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window;
-Oval and round window; are membranes which vibrate and transmit vibrations to the cochlea;
-The cochlea; It is highly coiled to increase the surface area for attachment sensory cells for hearing;
-Auditory nerve; It is made up of several nerve cells to transmit impulses to the brain for interpretation;
b)Maintenance of balance and posture
-3 Semi-circular canals; are filled with endolymph and have a swelling called ampullae with sensory hairs; change in position of the body in relation to gravity will cause the endolymph to disturb the sensory hairs; initiating a nerve impulse; which is transmitted to the brain through auditory nerve; which is then sent to the muscles which contract to maintain balance;
-Vestibule (utricule and succule); contain chalky granules / otoliths attached to sensory hairs and endolymph; change in posture will cause the endolymph to disturb the sensory hairs; initiating a nerve impulse; which is transmitted to the brain through auditory nerve; which is then sent to the muscles which contract to maintain posture;
-Auditory nerve; It is made up of several nerve cells to transmit impulses to the brain for interpretation;