In Kenya, sodium carbonate is extracted from trona at Lake Magadi.
(i) Give the formula of trona.
(ii) Name the process of extracting sodium carbonate from trona.
(b) The flow chart in Figure 5 summarises the steps involved in the production of sodium carbonate. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name the process illustrated in Figure 5.
(ii) Identify the starting raw materials required in the production of sodium carbonate.
(iii) Write equations for the two reactions that occur in the carbonator.
(iv) Name two substances that are recycled.
v) Identify: Solid X,Process W
(vi) Write an equation for the reaction that produces solution Z.
(vii) Apart from softening hard water, state two other uses of sodium carbonate.
Answer:
a) i)#Na_2CO_3.NaHCO_3. 2H_2O#
ii)- Thermal decomposition
b) i)- Solvay process
ii)
- Sodium chloride
- Coke
- Ammonia
- Calcium carbonate
iii)
-#NH_3(g)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)#
#rightarrowNH_4HCO_3(aq)#
-#NH_4HCO_3(aq)+NaCl(aq)rightarrow#
#NaHCO_3(s)+NH_4Cl(aq)#
iv)
-Calcium oxide
- Carbon (IV) oxide
v)Solid X- Calcium hydroxide
Process W-Thermal decomposition
vi)
#2NH_4Cl(aq)+Ca(OH)_2(aq)rightarrow#
#CaCl_2(aq)+2NH_3(g)+2H_2O(l)#
vii)
- Used in manufacture of detergents.
- Used in manufacture of glass.
ii)- Thermal decomposition
b) i)- Solvay process
ii)
- Sodium chloride
- Coke
- Ammonia
- Calcium carbonate
iii)
-#NH_3(g)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)#
#rightarrowNH_4HCO_3(aq)#
-#NH_4HCO_3(aq)+NaCl(aq)rightarrow#
#NaHCO_3(s)+NH_4Cl(aq)#
iv)
-Calcium oxide
- Carbon (IV) oxide
v)Solid X- Calcium hydroxide
Process W-Thermal decomposition
vi)
#2NH_4Cl(aq)+Ca(OH)_2(aq)rightarrow#
#CaCl_2(aq)+2NH_3(g)+2H_2O(l)#
vii)
- Used in manufacture of detergents.
- Used in manufacture of glass.
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in an experiment, soap solution was added to three separate samples of water. The table below shows the volumes of the soap solutions required to form lather with #1000cm^3# of each sample of water before and after boiling.
a) Which water sample is likely to be soft? Explain.
(b) Name the cause of change in the volume of soap solution used in sample III 
